Pediatric urolithiasis with renal failure: Siut experience

Purpose Pediatric urolithiasis is endemic in Pakistan and constitutes about 13% of all urolithiasis cases. Urolithiasis associated with renal failure is one of the most important cause of pediatric ESRD in Pakistan. Material and methods Retrospective analysis of 402 children with urolithiasis and associated renal failure. Ultrasound was the mainstay of radiological diagnosis and assessment. Results 402 patients, age ranged between 9 months to 14 years with male female ratio of 2:1. More than 50% had a positive family history of stone disease. Apart from obstruction and infection, poor socioeconomic status (89%), rural residence (66%), neglect and delay in acquiring treatment led to renal failure in these patients. The most common signs and symptoms were fever (56.7%), flank pain (55.2%), shortness of breath (38%) and vomiting (38.3%). 105 (26%) were anuric at presentation and 297 (74%) non-anuric. More than 60% of these patients had bilateral stones and associated urinary tract infection. The initial management of these patients required dialysis mostly peritoneal dialysis in small children. Percutaneous nephrostomy with or with out dialysis was also the main stay of initial management especiallyfor those presenting with a pyonephrosis. In some “Double J” stents were also placed to relieve obstruction. Details of operative procedures for definitive treatment and type of stones will be provided in presentation. Conclusions About 70% of the patients had good recovery of renal function. These good results were achieved because of the provision of free high technological treatment to all our patients under one roof with close co-operation of pediatric urology, nephrology and intensive care teams.