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Precipitation chemistry and atmospheric nitrogen deposition at a rural site in Beijing, China
- Source :
- Atmospheric Environment. 223:117253
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Precipitation chemistry and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are of great concern worldwide due to their close relationships with air quality and impacts on ecosystems. However, evaluation of the chemical composition of precipitation and N deposition flux in rural areas of Beijing has received little attention to date. This paper presents the chemical constituents, possible sources and wet deposition fluxes of water-soluble ions (NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in precipitation samples collected during 2017–2018 at a rural site located at northwest of Beijing city; meanwhile, dry deposition of reactive N species (gaseous ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid, and particulate (p) NH4+ and NO3−) were also quantified. During this 2-year period, the volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH of precipitation was 6.73, and all samples had pH values above 6.0. The VWM electric conductivity of precipitation and the mean sum of all measured ions was 43.8 μS cm−1 and 591.9 μeq L−1, respectively, indicating a significant impact of atmospheric pollution. Ca2+ and NH4+ were the dominant neutralizing species for precipitation acidity. Positive matrix factorization analysis further confirmed five sources for water-soluble ions, including sea salt aging, secondary formation, agriculture, crust, and biomass burning. The annual mean wet N deposition was 4.6, 3.4 and 8.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for NH4+, NO3− and total inorganic N, respectively. The total dry N deposition was dominated by gaseous ammonia (11.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1). The total N deposition (wet plus dry) was 27.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1, where dry deposition contributed to 75% and wet deposition 25% of the total. The simulations from the GEOS-Chem model indicate that agricultural (fertilizer use and livestock) and nonagricultural sources (industry, power plant, and transportation) are both important contributors to total N deposition. These results could be useful in evaluating/developing emission control policies to protect the eco-environment in Beijing.
- Subjects :
- inorganic chemicals
Atmospheric Science
food.ingredient
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Sea salt
chemistry.chemical_element
010501 environmental sciences
engineering.material
Particulates
01 natural sciences
Nitrogen
chemistry.chemical_compound
Ammonia
food
Deposition (aerosol physics)
chemistry
Environmental chemistry
engineering
Environmental science
Nitrogen dioxide
Fertilizer
Chemical composition
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
General Environmental Science
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13522310
- Volume :
- 223
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Atmospheric Environment
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........eee272c27f173e7b0f0e2c1c22f9fa34