Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations of codimensions 2 and 3 in a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Michaelis-Menten-type prey harvesting

The Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations of a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Michaelis-Menten–type prey harvesting were studied. In the paper “Diff. Equ. Dyn. Syst. 20(2012), 339-366,” Gupta et al proved that the Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Michaelis-Menten–type prey harvesting has rich dynamics. Some equilibria of codimension 1 and their bifurcations were discussed. In this paper, we find that the model has an equilibrium of codimensions 2 and 3. We also prove analytically that the model undergoes Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations (cusp cases) of codimensions 2 and 3. Hence, the model can have 2 limit cycles, coexistence of a stable homoclinic loop and an unstable limit cycle, supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations, and homoclinic bifurcation of codimension 1 as the values of parameters vary. Moreover, several numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the validity of our results.