Genetic Differentiation and Crypsis Among Members of the Myco-heterotrophic Pyrola picta Species Complex (Pyroleae: Monotropoideae: Ericaceae)

The Pyrola picta species complex (Pyroleae: Monotropoideae: Ericaceae) is thought to be composed of three morphological taxa within a single species, Pyrola picta. All taxa typically inhabit mature coniferous or Fagaceous forests of North America west of the Rocky Mountains from British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico between ca. 250 and 3,000 m in elevation. Taxa within P. picta are distinguished from each other on the basis of leaf morphology and the degree to which they employ mycoheterotrophy rather than photosynthesis, but considerable variation has been documented in both of these features, confounding diagnosis. For this study Pyrola picta, P. picta f. aphylla, and P. picta ssp. dentata were collected from populations throughout their range in western North America and examined for genetic differences to determine whether they indeed constitute a single polymorphic species or, alternatively, multiple distinct species. Multiple individuals per population were described morphologically a...