Liposomal amphotericin B does not induce nephrotoxicity or renal function impairment in premature neonates

Summary Background Liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB) is frequently administered in NICU to preterm infants Aim To assess the occurrence of renal function impairment related to LAMB in a 10-year cohort of VLBW neonates treated with this drug. Methods Through database search of clinical charts, all VLBW neonates admitted to a 3 rd level NICU in the years 1998–2007 and undergoing treatment with LAMB were identified. The occurrence of LAMB-attributable renal toxicity was investigated; infants withdrawn from treatment for development of adverse effects or toxicity were identified. Results In the study period, 71 of 792 admitted VLBW neonates (8.9%) underwent antifungal treatment with LAMB administered at the recommended dosages (3-to-5 mg/kg/day). Mean duration of treatment was 14 (±9) days, mean cumulative dose given was 58 (±25) mg/kg per infant. Renal compromise, defined as hypokalaemia, and/or elevated creatinine serum levels, and/or decreased urine output, occurred in 2 of 71 (2.8%) treated patients, by 5 (±3) mean days after treatment initiation. In both patients LAMB was withdrawn; renal function impairment was only mild and transient, and normal renal function was restored at discharge. No other significant adverse effects were recorded in any treated neonate. Conclusions LAMB is generally safe and well tolerated in VLBW neonates. The occurrence of LAMB-related nephrotoxicity appears to be uncommon, mild and transient.