The effects of singling and advancing season on the composition of thousand-headed kale

1. Five varieties of thousand-headed kale, grown in singled and unsingled plots, were sampled three times during the winter at monthly intervals. The plants were divided into leaf, top half of the stem and bottom half. Dry matter, the proximate constituents and minerals were determined in the samples.2. The differences in the composition of the leaf and stem of the plant were similar to those found previously and the top half of the stem was intermediate in composition between the leaf and the bottom half of the stem for all the constituents except potassium.3. The proportions of the various constituents occurring in the three portions of the plant were calculated and considered in terms of the incomplete utilization of the crop by grazing animals.4. There were significant increases in the percentage of dry matter in all three portions of the plant as the season advanced. The only other significant changes in composition with advancing season were in the leaf in which the levels of crude protein, crude fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and sulphate varied.5. Singling the crop had no significant effects on its composition, but there was a tendency for the stems of the singled crop to be lower in crude fibre and higher in crude protein and several of the minerals.6. There were very few differences in the composition of the varieties. They were mainly due to the higher mineral levels in one variety.7. Samples of the two halves of the stem of thousand-headed kale were divided into their main tissues, e.g. rind, xylem and marrow. These were analysed in the same manner as the samples in the main investigation. The results were used in an attempt to explain the effects of singling, advancing season and variety in terms of different ratios of these tissues.