Climate: Environmental Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Network System

This chapter gives an overview of environmental monitoring systems using wireless sensor network, big data, and Internet of Things (IoTs). This chapter outlines the effect of climate change on wild animals and also discusses innovations in response to climate change. Electric fences are commonly used to control and manage the movement of animals in game reserves, private game and farms to restrict intruders such as unwanted predators and humans from the bound area. Wireless sensor network-based system for intruder detection and monitoring is presented in this system to minimize the human-animal disputes in Africa. It is challenging to observe elephants monitoring since these huge animals travel for very long distances. The biggest challenge in the existing wireless-based anti-poaching system is the limited network or no coverage. As a result, the non-monitored animals are simply subjected to poaching. Taking advantage of WSN, an anti-poaching system is proposed in this chapter.