Lateral vibrations experienced by vertically placed PV modules in the pallet during transportation

ASTM D4169, the main reference for vibration profiles in IEC62759-1:2015 recommends to simulate only the vertical vibration for evaluation of the robustness of PV modules to transportation. This study focusses on the lateral vibrations measured in vertically placed modules. Acceleration data was collected from the transportation of 2 standard pallets of 25 PV modules. It is found that the lateral vibrations at around 15 Hz is severe and sometimes it is higher than the vertical vibration test profile recommended by ASTM D4169. The modules placed front side facing front side showed lesser vibrations compared to the modules placed front side facing backside. Also, the module placed at the middle of the pallet is found to have lesser lateral vibrations.