Cardiovascular Disease in the Oldest Old: A Geriatric Epidemiology Perspective

Ageing represents a non-modifiable risk factor for the most common cardiovascular diseases (CVD), from hypertensive to coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis and heart failure. These conditions may profoundly affect global health status (i.e. physical and cognitive functioning, quality of life and survival) of older patients. At the same time, specific aspects of ageing frequently modify presentation, clinical management, therapeutic approach and outcomes of CVD.