A continuous tolerance system

This paper analyzes the current ISO tolerance systems (ISO 286-1 1 and ISO 286-22) and presents new formulas that allow the aggregation of the tolerance system in a simple way. The approach used makes it possible to compute the tolerances in a continuous manner with respect to both dimension and grade of tolerance (quality). The results are always within the tolerances tabulated in the ISO 286-1' and 286-22 Standards. This continuous approach is suitable for optimization in design and automation in tolerancing on computer-assisted design (CAD) systems. The paper proposes a tolerancing approach closer to the modern tolerancing philosophy as given by the Taguchi methods.