Comparative Study on Cu-CVD Nucleation Using β-diketonato and Amidinato Precursors for Sub-10-nm-Thick Continuous Film Growth

We demonstrate the growth of sub-10-nm-thick continuous Cu films using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for next-generation Cu interconnects for ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI). The thickness of such films is equivalent to that of Cu during coalescence, and optimized operating conditions and substrate materials are required to form high-density nucleates. Ru was used as an underlayer, and the time evolution of nucleation and grain growth were studied with systematically varied conditions using two Cu precursors: conventional β-diketonato and newly developed amidinato precursor compounds. The revealed geometry of the initial nano-scale Cu grains prior to coalescence suggests the required nucleate density for 7-nm-thick continuous film growth, and which was 2.4 × 1011 /cm2. The maximum nucleate density was achieved with the lowest deposition temperature and highest precursor concentration for both precursors; i.e., 6.9 × 1011 /cm2 for β-diketonato at 100◦C, and 4.6 × 1011 /cm2 for amidinato at 150◦C. A 10-nm-thick continuous Cu film was formed using amidinato under the optimized conditions. Furthermore, the framework used in this study to enable a high nucleate density suggests that it is possible to form thinner (4 nm∼) Cu films using amidinato. Because of the inherent good step coverage of CVD, this process is a promising candidate for next-generation ULSI Cu interconnects. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0061508jss] All rights reserved.