Natural sources, dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic agents for therapeutic assessment of Parkinsonism in rats model

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of dopaminergic and non- dopaminergic agents and natural sources in the treatment of rotenone-induced PD in rats. Rotenone-induced PD rats recorded severe alternation in neurotransmitters level, oxidative stress markers, energetic biomarkers, inflammatory mediator, apoptotic index, adenosine A2AR gene expression and brain histopathological features. The treatment efficacy of hesperidin (Hesp), naringenin (Narin), levodopa (L-dopa) and adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (A2AR; ZM241385) were evaluated using biochemical and genetic markers measurements as well as histological analysis of the brain. Naringenin recorded the most potent effect in comparison to hesperidin. ZM and levodopa had almost the same enhancement level. Naringenin may be considered as promising supplement for Parkinson’s disease treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm ZM use as a new non-dopaminergic drug without any side effects as such exerted by levodopa.