Fever with Altered Sensorium

Any patient presenting in altered sensorium poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the treating physician. With the advent of increasing number of non-infectious causes, especially autoimmune encephalitis, the diagnostic work-up of patient with encephalopathy is ever growing and so are the management options. Recently many antibodies against intracellular antigens, synaptic receptors, ion channels and other cell surface proteins have been recognized in association with wide variety of autoimmune encephalitic syndromes, which has further complicated the work-up of patients of febrile encephalopathy. The timely recognition of these non-infectious syndromes is equally important as aggressive immunosuppression can prevent long-term sequelae [1–5].