The nonmedical use of pain relievers among African-Americans: a test of primary socialization theory

Using primary socialization theory (PST), we examined the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers among African-American adolescents in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2013. Self-reported nonmedical use of pain relievers, PST constructs, and covariates were addressed using cluster logistic regression. The results indicated that the perception of associating with substance using peers and poor parental bonds were more likely to nonmedically use prescription pain relievers. The limitations and implications for future research are noted.