Materials-to-device design of hybrid metal-polymer heat exchanger tubes for low temperature waste heat recovery

Heat exchangers for low temperature ( 1.4 MPa internal pressure, under the normal operating conditions of the heat exchanger. Our work provides guidelines for designing macroscopic metal-polymer composites that can be adapted for specific requirements such as reduced materials costs, ease of manufacturing, and heat transfer enhancement. The optimized design of hybrid metal-polymer heat exchanger tubes potentially provides a scalable and cost-effective route toward harvesting waste heat from low temperature sources.