Subject vs. Object

This chapter determines the difference between subject and object. The distinction between subject and object pervades the substantive law of war and, in general, the distinction between common law and civil law modes of criminal procedure and their relative influences on the procedures of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Criminal trials presuppose human subjects, agency, and judgment. The players in every trial take on different functions in common law and civil law trials. The notion of the accused’s guilt or innocence as an object of investigation takes on a stronger significance in civilian trials. The chapter then explores the ideal types of common law and civil law criminal procedure: one stressing the subjects as the determinative element and the other emphasizing the object of investigation.