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Decoding the Papain Inhibitor from Streptomyces mobaraensis as Being Hydroxylated Chymostatin Derivatives: Purification, Structure Analysis, and Putative Biosynthetic Pathway
- Source :
- Journal of Natural Products. 83:2983-2995
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2020.
-
Abstract
- Streptomyces mobaraensis produces the papain inhibitor SPI consisting of a 12 kDa protein and small active compounds (SPIac). Purification of the papain inhibitory compounds resulted in four diverse chymostatin derivatives that were characterized by NMR and MS analysis. Chymostatins are hydrophobic tetrapeptide aldehydes from streptomycetes, e.g., S. lavendulae and S. hygroscopicus, that reverse chymosin-mediated angiotensin activation and inhibit other serine and cysteine proteases. Chymotrypsin and papain were both inhibited by the SPIac compounds in the low nanomolar range. SPIac differs from the characterized chymostatins by the exchange of phenylalanine for tyrosine. The crystal structure of one of these chymostatin variants confirmed its molecular structure and revealed a S-configured hemithioacetal bond with the catalytic Cys25 thiolate as well as close interactions with hydrophobic S1 and S2 subsite amino acids. A model for chymostatin biosynthesis is provided based on the discovery of clustered genes encoding several putative nonribosomal peptide synthetases; among them, there is the unusual CstF enzyme that accommodates two canonical amino acid activation domains as well as three peptide carrier protein domains.
- Subjects :
- Pharmacology
chemistry.chemical_classification
Amino acid activation
Chymotrypsin
biology
Tetrapeptide
010405 organic chemistry
Stereochemistry
Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Science
Hemithioacetal
Peptide
01 natural sciences
0104 chemical sciences
Analytical Chemistry
Amino acid
010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Papain
Complementary and alternative medicine
Nonribosomal peptide
Drug Discovery
biology.protein
Molecular Medicine
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15206025 and 01633864
- Volume :
- 83
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Natural Products
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........daf665314dc23b71bf1241bb389e0f5d