Bridging the Science–Policy Interface

As we advance in the Anthropocene, human activities and our interactions with the natural world are increasingly complex. Policymakers and managers are challenged to consider these activities and their wide-ranging environmental, ecological, and social consequences based upon scientific advice that is itself increasingly complex and may change with new information. Good science can contribute directly to smart decision making, but all too often, scientific information is not communicated to decision makers effectively, is swamped in the deluge of conflicting information, or is simply ignored for political or other reasons. To contribute effectively, scientific information must be accessible, understandable, relevant, actionable, and credible. Successful integration of scientific insights into policy can be facilitated through trusted relationships and open lines of communication between scientists and policymakers, accurate reports of scientific findings in the media, and scientific summaries that incorporate diverse perspectives and disciplines. Here, we highlight four case studies that demonstrate challenges and successes at the science–policy interface and offer strategies for scientists to become more adept at connecting with policymakers and effecting positive change.