Expanding the psychometric properties of the Self-perception of Text message Dependency Scale using multigroup confirmatory analysis and network approach in a large sample of adult internet users

Introduction: Text messaging is the primary form of technology-mediated interpersonal contact and the most carried out activity on cell phones. Despite its advantages, text messaging is not exempt from risks. The present paper aimed to expand the psychometric properties of the Self-perception of Text-message Dependency Scale (STDS) in a sample of adult internet users. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited a convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged 18 and over. A total of 1,642 (Mage =38.6, SD =13.5; 73% female) participants completed the STDS, the Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale-27 (MPPUS), and the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire – Short form – 9 questionnaires (PIUQ-SF-9). Results: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed measurement invariance for gender and age. Internal consistency was high when accessed by both McDonalds' Omega and Cronbach's alpha. Network Analysis provided insights into the core symptoms of problematic text messaging use. Convergent validity of the STDS was demonstrated by the scale’s correlation with MPPUS and PIUQ-SF-9. Conclusion: Due to its expanded psychometric properties and brevity, the STDS can be used in more comprehensive investigations about other excessive technology-related behaviors, such as problematic smartphone and internet use, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in problematic technology use.