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Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Effective Population Size in the Endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnow

Authors :
Dominique Alò
Thomas F. Turner
Source :
Conservation Biology. 19:1138-1148
Publication Year :
2005
Publisher :
Wiley, 2005.

Abstract

We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of genetic diversity to evaluate effects of river fragmentation on remnant populations of the federally endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). Analysis of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA detected little spatial genetic structure over the current geographic range, consistent with high gene flow despite fragmentation by dams. Maximum-likelihood analysis of temporal genetic data indicated, however, that present-day effective population size (NeV) of the largest extant population of this species was 78 and the ratio of effective size to adult numbers (NeV/N) was ∼ 0.001 during the study period (1999 to 2001). Coalescent-based analytical methods provided an estimate of historical (river fragmentation was completed in 1975) effective size (NeI ) that ranged between 105 and 106. We propose that disparity between contemporary and historical estimates of Neand low contemporary Ne/N result from recent changes in demography related to river fragmentation. Rio Grande silvery minnows produce pelagic eggs and larvae subject to downstream transport through diversion dams. This life-history feature results in heavy losses of yearly reproductive effort to emigration and mortality, and extremely large variance in reproductive success among individuals and spawning localities. Interaction of pelagic early life history and river fragmentation has altered demographic and genetic dynamics of remnant populations and reduced Neto critically low values over ecological time. Resumen: Estimamos los patrones espaciales y temporales de diversidad genetica para evaluar los efectos de la fragmentacion del rio sobre poblaciones remanentes del pez Hybognathus amarus federalmente en peligro. El analisis de ADN microsatelite y mitocondrial detecto escasa estructura genetica espacial en su rango de distribucion actual, lo que es consistente con un alto flujo genico a pesar de la fragmentacion por presas. Sin embargo, los analisis de probabilidad maxima de datos geneticos temporales indicaron que el tamano poblacional efectivo actual (NeV) de la poblacion mas grande era 78 y la relacion tamano efectivo – numero de adultos (NeV/N) fue ∼ 0.001 durante el periodo de estudio (1999 – 2001) Metodos analiticos coalescentes proporcionaron una estimacion del tamano efectivo historico (NeI ) (la fragmentacion del rio termino en 1975) que vario entre 105 y 106. Proponemos que la disparidad entre las estimaciones historicas y contemporaneas de Ney la baja Ne/N contemporanea resultan de cambios recientes en la demografia relacionados con la fragmentacion del rio. Hybognathus amarus produce huevos y larvas pelagicas que son transportadas rio abajo a traves de presas de desvio. Esta caracteristica de la historia de vida resulta en fuertes perdidas de esfuerzo reproductivo por emigracion y mortalidad, y en una varianza extremadamente amplia en el exito reproductivo entre individuos y sitios de desove. La interaccion de la historia de vida pelagica y la fragmentacion del rio ha alterado la dinamica demografica y genetica de las poblaciones remanentes y ha reducido a Nea valores criticamente bajos en tiempo ecologico.

Details

ISSN :
15231739 and 08888892
Volume :
19
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Conservation Biology
Accession number :
edsair.doi...........d6c23219c595c51c986f5f17b3b9f4b4
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00081.x