CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders arising after regional therapy for recurrent melanoma: A report of two cases and analysis of CD30 expression

Background and Objectives Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPD), including primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (CALCL) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), comprise the second most common group of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). The etiology of these disorders is not known. Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) and isolated limb infusion (ILI) are forms of regional chemotherapy used to treat recurrent tumors of the extremity, most commonly, melanoma. Secondary malignancy following regional therapy is rarely reported. Methods/Results We identified two cases of CD30+ LPD arising in the affected limbs of patients treated with ILP/ILI. We subsequently performed CD30 immunohistochemical stains on 11 pre- and post-treatment skin specimens from melanoma patients treated with ILP/ILI and found that 5 of the 11 cases showed an increase in CD30+ lymphocytes following ILP/ILI. Conclusions We hypothesize that ILP/ILI causes upregulation of CD30 expression in the extremities of treated patients, and suggest that this may be a marker of treatment response. However, a rare but long-term effect may be an increased risk of T-cell cutaneous lymphoproliferative disease in the affected limb. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:258–264. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.