Recent advances in mitochondria- and lysosomes-targeted small-molecule two-photon fluorescent probes

Mitochondria and lysosomes are essential cellular organelles in most eukaryotic cells by playing the physiological roles to support the normal functions of cells, as well as the life of the whole body. To date, small-molecule fluorescent probes have been considered as one of the vital tools for monitoring and visualizing multiple biological analytes. This review summarized the recent advances in small-molecule two-photon fluorescent probes for metal ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS), and changes inside micro-environment ( e.g. , pH, viscosity and polarity) in mitochondria and lysosomes, or served as mitotracker and lysotracker with the assistance of two-photon microscopy.