An environment benign biomimetic synthesis of mesoporous NiO concentric stacked doughnuts architecture

Mesoporous concentric stacked doughnut nickel oxide nanostructure was synthesized using an environment benign biomimetic method. Natural rambutan peel waste resource was adopted as a raw material to ligate nickel ions to form nickel–ellagate complexes. The direct decomposition of obtained complexes at 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C in static air atmosphere was resulted mesoporous nickel oxide nanostructures. HPLC and GC–MS studies were revealed that the rambutan higher polyphenolic constituent was essential for the ligation of transition metal ions. The obtained products were studied employing TGA, XRD, Raman, PL, SEM-EDX, TEM and BET analysis. In addition, the toxic behaviour of the obtained product was studied. The usage of green ligation agents obtained from natural waste resource is biosafe, simpler and environmentally more benign to synthesis NiO nanostructures.