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Psychosocial burden of addiction: A study in correlation to urinary cotinine levels in tobacco chewers
- Source :
- Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine. 12:161
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- EManuscript Technologies, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Background: Tobacco usage is a foremost avoidable risk factor for the progress and development of the psychological disease, its deleterious psychological effects through multiple mechanisms.To find out psychosocial impact in correlation to urinary cotinine levels of tobacco chewers (TC) and non tobacco chewers (NTC). Materials and Methods: A total of 600 TC and NTC (18–65 years) were studied using the Hamilton anxiety (Ham-A) and Hamilton depression (Ham-D) scale, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) scale, and structured questionnaire. Results: Psychosocial response by anxiety and depression scale for NTC and TC mean score comparison was found to be highly significant (P
- Subjects :
- business.industry
Addiction
media_common.quotation_subject
General Medicine
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Nicotine
Correlation
chemistry.chemical_compound
chemistry
medicine
Anxiety
medicine.symptom
Risk factor
Cotinine
business
Psychosocial
Depression (differential diagnoses)
Clinical psychology
medicine.drug
media_common
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09769668
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........d287991849f6380aa0d3cb624eebd1a3