Maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and 4-month mother–infant interaction

Beatrice Beebe, PhD, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Frank Lachmann, PhD, Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity; Joseph Jaffe, MD, Sara Markese, PhD, Karen A. Buck, MA, Patricia Cohen, PhD, Stanley Feldstein, PhD, and Howard Andrews, PhD, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Henian Chen, MD, PhD, College of Public Health, University of South Florida. This research was supported by The National Institute of Mental Health (Grant MH56130), The Psychoanalytic Fund, the Kohler Foundation, the Edward Aldwell Mother-Infant Research Fund, and the Los Angeles Infant Research and Psychoanalysis Fund. We thank our filming/coding team: Caroline Flaster, Donna Demetri-Friedman, Helen Demetriades, Nancy Freeman, Patricia Goodman, Michaela Hager-Budny, Elizabeth Helbraun, Allyson Hentel, Tammy Kaminer, Sandra Triggs Kano, Limor Kaufman-Balamuth, Greg Kushnick, Lisa Marquette, Jill Putterman, Jane Roth, Shanee Stepakoff, and Lauren Ellman. We also thank our lab assistants: Claire Jaffe, Daniella Polyak, Julia Reuben, Priscilla Caldwell, Jessica Lateck, Carol Scheik-Gamble, Danny Sims, Jake Freeman, Brianna Hailey, Alla Chavarga, Nidhi Parashar, Josianne Moise, Sarah Temech, Hope Igleheart, Yana Kuchirko, Elizabeth White, Greer Raggio, Kate Lieberman, Alina Pavlakos, Adrianne Lange, Kari Gray, Jennifer Lyne, Annee Ackerman, Fernanda Lucchese, Sarah Miller, Max Malitzky, Sam Marcus, Michael Klein, Kara Levin, Matthew Kirkpatrick, Lauren Cooper, Helen Weng, Iskra Smiljanic, and Christy Meyer. Finally, we thank our students and colleagues who contributed: Sara Hahn-Burke, Nancy Freeman, Michael Ritter, Glenn Bromley, Robert Gallaghan, Naomi Cohen, Paulette Landesman, Tina Lupi, Jillian Miller, Alan Phelan, Danielle Phelan, Katherine Weinberg, Edward Tronick, Doris Silverman, Anni Bergman, Lin Reicher, George Downing, Estelle Shane, and the Monday afternoon seminar, who consulted on our findings. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Beatrice Beebe, PhD, New York State Psychiatric Institute #108, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: beebebe@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu Psychoanalytic Psychology © 2012 American Psychological Association 2012, Vol. 29, No. 4, 383–407 0736-9735/12/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0029387