Recent Development of Security Issues of Black Hole and Gray Hole Attacks in V2X Network

V2X (Vehicle-to-X) network is an important support to automated vehicle. However, for automated vehicle safety, if the security of V2X network cannot be guaranteed, automated vehicles may not obtain required correct information, which is a fatal problem. In V2X network, black hole and gray hole attacks are critical threats of network availability and may prevent legitimate users from receiving packets. In this review, the definition, classification and impact of the attacks on V2X network are presented, and the detection and prevention technologies are classified and analyzed, respectively. Finally, three open issues and future trends are proposed, which are considering specific characters of V2X network, paying attention to artificial intelligent technologies in detection and utilizing edge computing architecture as the local trusted environment in detection and prevention.