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Brechas En Remuneración Por Género En Colombia: Un Estudio Comparado De Metodologías De Medición (Gender Earnings Gaps in Colombia: A Comparative Approach of Measurement Methodologies)

Authors :
Diego Mejía
Roberto Sánchez Torres
Source :
SSRN Electronic Journal.
Publication Year :
2019
Publisher :
Elsevier BV, 2019.

Abstract

Spanish Abstract: Una de las grandes problematicas laborales es la discriminacion que enfrentan distintos grupos poblacionales, y particularmente las mujeres. Los menores niveles de ingreso frente a la misma calificacion y caracteristicas productivas, es lo que se considera tradicionalmente como brechas en remuneracion por discriminacion. El proposito de este documento es tener un marco analitico comparado, unificado y actualizado de las distintas metodologias de estimacion de brechas en remuneracion entre hombres y mujeres ocupados y asalariados en Colombia. Para ello se toma como referencia el ingreso laboral horario observado, y se estiman las diferencias para la media condicional (Mincer, 1974) y distintos puntos de la distribucion (Koenker y Bassett, 1978), con correccion de sesgo de seleccion (Heckman, 1979; Neuman & Oaxaca, 2004), asimismo se descompone la brecha en efectos dotaciones y remuneracion (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder; 1973; Machado y Mata, 2005; Melly, 2005). El principal resultado es que la brecha en remuneracion por genero existe, y es explicada en gran parte por un potencial de discriminacion. La brecha por discriminacion es mayor en la parte baja y alta de la distribucion, y se reduce en posiciones medias. Lo anterior evidencia la importancia de generar politicas que reduzcan la informalidad, garanticen ecuanimidad en cargos directivos y fortalezcan las instituciones laborales. English Abstract: Labor discrimination is a primary issue, which has to be faced by several population groups, among them women. When a worker is paid lower even though he/she has the same qualifications or productive characteristics than other workers, it is said that he/she are discriminated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the earnings gaps associated with gender considering different statistical methodologies, and to develop a comparative and unified outline. To do so, hourly labor income is considered as the reference, and there are estimated conditional mean earnings gaps (Mincer, 1974), through the conditional distribution (Koenker & Bassett, 1978), and the corrections of selection bias are made (Heckman, 1979; Neuman & Oaxaca, 2004). Likewise, decompositions of the earnings gaps in endowments and coefficients effects are calculated (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder; 1973; Machado & Mata, 2005; Melly, 2005). The main result is the evidence of the gender earnings gaps, and the large extent of it is explained by discrimination. Besides, the gap is higher in the bottom and the top of the conditional distribution. As a result, this empirical evidence shows the importance of promote public policies that diminish informality, guarantee equality in management jobs and make labor institutions stronger.

Details

ISSN :
15565068
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
SSRN Electronic Journal
Accession number :
edsair.doi...........cec1c7635348ee3f279bef8bf5f100b9
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3440342