Coordinated Planning of Extreme Fast Charging Stations and Power Distribution Networks Considering On-Site Storage

The extreme fast charging (XFC) technology helps to reduce refueling time, alleviate mile anxiety, extend driving range and finally promote the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs). However, it would also pose great challenges on the power grid infrastructure especially distribution networks, due to the large-scale and intermittent power demand. This paper proposes a coordinated planning method for power distribution networks and XFC EV charging stations, with the on-site batteries considered. Firstly, considering the traffic flow pattern, the operation of XFC stations is analyzed on both energy and power demand. Secondly, the coordinated planning model is developed to satisfy the time-varying XFC load, with both transportation and electricity constraints considered. In addition, the on-site batteries are introduced to flatten the XFC energy used and supplement its power supply. The case studies have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The influence of XFC on the distribution networks and the effects of the on-site storage are also studied.