A leakage diagnosis testing model for gas wells with sustained casing pressure from offshore platform

Sustained casing pressure (SCP) caused by tubing leakage is mostly considered as the dangerous situation in gas wells, which is more likely to pose a serious threat to well integrity and environmental protection. In order to assess the downhole risk in early time and further provide maintenance strategies to optimize well performance, it is necessary to diagnose the source of downhole leakage accurately. This paper presents a pressure-balance-based approach for capturing two types of dynamic annulus pressure behaviors in a gas well with SCP caused by tubing leakage at different well depths. The approach includes models that take into account the influence of temperature and pressure distributions of tubing and annulus fluid, which are used to determine tubing leakage points. In addition, such an approach involves the calculation of maximum annulus pressure at the wellhead in a gas well with SCP under four main cases, representing the effects of the leakage location, bottom hole pressure, annulus liquid level and gas production rate on wellhead pressure. Afterwards, an integrated diagnostic testing system has been developed to monitor the synthetic state of annulus fluid and liquid level parameters, ultimately identifying the source of SCP correctly. In contrast to previous works, leakage diagnostic testing can be performed from an offshore platform, and it meets the requirements of offshore field testing and works without a shut-in condition, which is capable of overcoming limitations of downhole detection. A case study focused on an offshore gas well with SCP is presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, and also to demonstrate that leakage diagnosis contributes to the mechanism investigation of SCP, as well as the design improvement of gas wells integrity.