Are happiness and meaningfulness present or future oriented emotions (constructs) and how do we perceive various activities?

Research demonstrates that different emotions are associated with different temporal foci. Mogilner et al. (2012) found that the emotion calmness is associated with the present, while the emotion excitement is associated with the future. Based on these findings, this study investigates if the emotions (constructs) happiness and meaningfulness are associated with either the present or the future. In line, we ask how people perceive different activities to be present or future oriented and to the extent with which they induce happiness and meaningfulness.