Intravenous Heme Arginate Induces HO-1 (Heme Oxygenase-1) in the Human Heart

Objective— HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) induction may prevent or reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury. We previously evaluated its in vivo induction after a single systemic administration of heme arginate in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The current trial was designed to assess the pharmacological tissue induction of HO-1 in the human heart with heme arginate in vivo. Approach and Results— Patients planned for conventional aortic valve replacement received placebo (n=8), 1 mg/kg (n=7) or 3 mg/kg (n=9) heme arginate infused intravenously 24 hours before surgery. A biopsy of the right ventricle was performed directly before aortic cross-clamping and after cross-clamp release. In addition, the right atrial appendage was partially removed for analysis. HO-1 protein and mRNA concentrations were measured in tissue samples and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells before to and up to 72 hours after surgery. No study medication-related adverse events occurred. A strong, dose-dependent effect on myocardial HO-1 mRNA levels was observed (right ventricle: 7.9±5.0 versus 88.6±49.1 versus 203.6±148.7; P =0.002 and right atrium: 10.8±8.8 versus 229.8±173.1 versus 392.7±195.7; P =0.001). This was paralleled by a profound increase of HO-1 protein concentration in atrial tissue (8401±3889 versus 28 585±10 692 versus 29 022±8583; P P P =0.041). No effect on plasma HO-1 protein levels could be detected. Conclusions— Myocardial HO-1 mRNA and protein can be dose-dependently induced by heme arginate. Protective effects of this therapeutic strategy should be evaluated in upcoming clinical trials. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02314780.