Terpene produced by co-expression of TPS and P450 genes from Lavandula angustifolia protect plant from herbivores attacks during budding stages

To defend themselves against herbivore attacks, plants produce a variety of volatiles, especially during the early stages of development. During the budding phases of Lavandula angustifolia , three genes ( La TPS7, La TPS8, and La CYP71D582) were discovered to be highly expressed. The La TPS7 catalyzes total eight different compounds in vitro , including camphene, myrcene, and limonene, among others. The La TPS8 converted ten volatiles using geranyl diphosphate and nerolidyl diphosphate as substrates. The plastid-located La TPS7 gene produced limonene when it was overexpressed in tobacco. The endoplasmic reticulum enzyme La CYP71D582 may further convert limonene to carveol. The La TPS8 present in plastids creates α-pinene and sylvestrene, according to in vitro tests. The limonene and carveol were discovered to repel Myzus persicae while attracting Harmonia axyridis confirmed by standards test. In Arabidopsis thaliana , a GUS staining test was used to evaluate the promoter activity of La TPS7 and La CYP71D582, and it was discovered that wounding may boost La TPS7 expression levels. The volatile compounds generated by La TPS7, La TPS8, and La CYP71D582 were found to be important in plant protection. In practice, biological control can be applied to promote human and environmental health via plant approaches.