Ergosta-7,22-diene-2β,3α,9α-triol from the Fruit Bodies of Ganoderma lucidum Induces Apoptosis in Human Myelocytic HL-60 Cells

Ganoderma lucidum is known as a medicinal mushroom used in traditional medicine. In our study, the cytotoxic activities of 17 compounds (1-17) isolated from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum were investigated. Among them, ergosta-7,22-diene-2β,3α,9α-triol (EGDT) induced apoptosis in HL-60 human premyelocytic leukemia cells. EGDT activated the apoptotic process, including DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. In immunoblotting analysis, treatment with EGDT resulted in the cleavage of procaspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) into active forms. In the in vivo study, the administration (i.p.) of EGDT to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-inoculated mice evidenced a significant inhibition of tumor growth. These results indicate that EGDT was one of the apoptotic constituents of G. lucidum, and might be an antitumor agent.