An Overview on Pt 3 X Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The activity of Pt towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be enhanced by alloying it with secondary metals. They can be grouped into three different classes: alloys, bimetallics and intermetallics. Although alloys and bimetallics exhibit enhanced performance, often they are limited by metal dissolution and resulted in poor durability. This invokes the need on the development of ordered intermetallics. In this minireview we comprehensively present the recent progress and developments of Pt3 X alloys and intermetallics towards ORR. Additionally, major technical challenges and possible future research directions to overcome these challenges are discussed to facilitate further research in this area.