Ex vivo human skin experiments for the evaluation of safety of new cold atmospheric plasma devices

Cold atmospheric plasma is an innovative tool in medicine and hygiene. However, there are no regulations or recommendations for experiments to prove the safety of upcoming devices yet. Healthy ex vivo human skin samples were treated with new upcoming plasma devices (FlatPlaSter 2.0 and MiniFlatPlaSter) for safety purposes. The results indicate—besides the safety measurements/calculations of toxic by-products (O3, NO, and NO2) and the UV power density—that a plasma treatment of up to 2 min is tolerable for the skin (histology and electron microscopy experiments) and safe concerning DNA damages (gamma-H2AX stain assay).