Review on mathematical models for travelling-grate iron oxide pellet induration furnaces

Iron oxide pellets are currently one of the main feedstocks in iron-making processes, and increasing over the years. They are mostly produced in moving-grate induration furnaces. Several mathematical models describing the pellet induration process have been published over the last 50 years. Despite being a topic of research for a long period, a relative small amount of journal papers is available in the main academic databases. In addition, the model assumptions have not changed considerably over time, regardless the development of faster computational tools. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review regarding the available mathematical models for travelling-grate iron ore induration furnaces, pointing at some opportunities and aspects to improve the accuracy of these models.