Enhancement factor, electrostatic force and emission current in a nanoneedle emitter

We consider field emission from carbon nanotubes and other elongated nanostructures. An exact solution for the electrostatic field between a metallic hemi-ellipsoidal needle on a plate (as a cathode) and a flat anode are presented. The basic idea is to replace the cathode by a linearly charged thread in a uniform electric field and to use a set of "image" charges to reproduce the anode. Exact analytical formulas of the electrical field, field enhancement factor, and electrostatic force are found. Using the Fowler-Nordheim theory we obtain an exact analytical formula for the total current. The field enhancement factor, total force and emission current, as well as their distributions on the top of the needle for a wide range of parameters, have been calculated and analyzed.