Camcording-Resistant Forensic Watermarking Fallback System Using Secondary Watermark Signal

Forensic watermarking is used to track down digital pirates after they illegally redistribute video content. Although existing algorithms often resist common signal processing attacks, they are not always robust against camcording attacks. As a solution in the state of the art, registration methods are used to align the attacked video to the original one. However, watermark detection still fails when the quality is sufficiently decreased or when exposed to targeted attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel fallback system that aims to detect the watermark when traditional methods fail. More concretely, we demonstrate that a primary watermark embedded by a traditional scheme indirectly creates a secondary watermark signal during video encoding. This secondary watermark consists of compression artifacts and is detected by the fallback system. Additionally, the proposed system incorporates video registration to cope with camcording attacks. The experimental results indicate that the fallback system has a striking increase in robustness compared to the existing methods. For example, the observed false-negative rate for targeted attacks improves from 100% to 0%. Moreover, the fallback is camcording resistant even when the traditional method combined with registration is not. In conclusion, the proposed system can be used as a fallback when traditional detection fails.