Reasons for Rising Condom Use in Vietnam

This study examines the extent of and reasons for condom use in Vietnam. Data were obtained from the 1988 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey and the 1994 Vietnam Living Standards Survey. Findings indicate that condom knowledge rose from 45% to 76% during 1988-94. Condom use rose from 1% to 4% and represented the largest increase compared to any other modern method. Most Vietnamese rely on the IUD. IUD use increased from 33% to 66% of all current users. Vietnam has the highest proportions of IUD use and abortion in the region. Increased condom use is attributed to the shift to a free market system in the mid-1980s aggressive family planning promotion free distribution through the public health sector and sales in private pharmacies and roadside stalls. Drawbacks to free supplies include the requirement of registering ones name and travel distance. A private source of supply among users increased from 17% to 51% during 1988-94. Social marketing and the growth of new distribution channels led to increased numbers of brands of condoms. Condoms may be more popular due to greater compatibility with traditional methods which were used by 21% of married women aged 15-45 years in 1994. 31% of condom switchers shifted to rhythm or withdrawal compared to 24% of pill switchers. 9-11% of traditional method switchers shifted to the condom but only 2% shifted to the pill. The rise in condom use may indicate a preference based on traditional Chinese medical beliefs and a balance of body rhythms. Condoms were preferred by more urban users and users with higher educational and occupational status. Condoms provide protection from pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Explanatory factors include decreased family size desires free market reforms compatibility with religious beliefs and Confucian culture a rising wealthy and educated class and increased adolescent and extramarital sexual activity.