Towards Incentive for Electrical Vehicles Demand Response With Location Privacy Guaranteeing in Microgrids

The rapid and wide adoption of microgrids (MGs) and the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) have created a unique opportunity for the integration of these technologies. In this paper, we address the issue of demand response of EVs during MG outages by leveraging Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. We investigate an auction trading market, allowing EVs with surplus energy to act as sellers, and EVs that want to be charged to act as buyers. A novel distributed double auction scheme is proposed to allow each buyer EV to submit multiple bids to seller EVs in different parking lots. Nonetheless, the locations of buyer EVs could be inferred by adversaries through analyzing the valuations, posing serious risks. A valuation-based attack scheme is investigated to validate the potential privacy risk. To defend against this attack, we present a location privacy-preserving double auction scheme, protecting the privacy of participants via homomorphic encryption. Theoretical analysis is conducted to validate our scheme in satisfying designed economic and privacy properties. The experimental results show that our auction scheme can not only mitigate the demand response problem in MGs, but also provides good performance with respect to social welfare, satisfaction ratio, computational and communication overhead, and privacy leakage.