Demyelinating Diseases: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or Devic disease is characterized by optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis. In optic neuritis (ON), visual function is more severely affected than in MS or single isolated idiopathic ON. Attacks may recur. ON may not respond to corticosteroid treatment. Myelitis is characterized by severe paraparesis or tetraparesis and sensory-level and/or sphincter disturbances. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is associated with serum antibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4).