Crop types of The Agricultural Meteorological Standpoints

1. The various crops under cultivation in Manchuria are cultivated with the different crop type of natural environmental factors.2. There are five crop types by the coefficients of correlation between the yield of various crops and the meteorological elements in 13 places.I Crop type—Cold temperature and more rainfall.II Crop type—High temperature and low rainfall.III Crop type—Indefinite relationship with the meteorological factors.IV Crop type—High temperature and more rainfall.V Crop type—Cold temperature and low rainfall.3. Each crop has no definite crop type and turned into another type when the crop removed from one place to another. Under most adapted place the crop shows “The Second Type.”4. The yield of tuber crop which shows “The Third type”, gives great variation by the management of tillage during its growth. Therefore the tuberous crop is one of the relief crop under the unfavorable climatic condition.5. We classified the various crop by the grade of temperature into groups.Cold-weather cropsWheat, Barley Oats, Rye, Flax Sugar beets Irish potatoes Perill, Alfalfa Sunflower Common milletWarm-weather cropsSorghum Italian millet Cotton Kenaf(Ambari hemp) Castor bean plant Indian mallowAnd there are crops distributed in both region such as, soybean, corn and rice plant (included upland rice).6. The cultivation area of soybean, corn and rice plant have large acreage in both region and there are difference more or less in the summation of temperature required by various varieties in each crop.7. The warm-weather crop as rice plant has special demand of high temperature and more rainfall during its growth. Generally it appears in the flowering period.8. The tuber crop shows “the Fifth Type” in the north and “the Third Type” in the middle part and we consider that the adapted area will be in further north.9. Reported the meteorological elements which have the maximum coefficient of correlation with crop yield (Table 12) and the important meteorological factors by every month between the crop yield in each district (Table 13).10. Since the low temperature in the end of the crop growth in the north, it demand the higher temperature, and as the drought during the growth in the middle and south, more rainfall is necessary. These phenomena are the general tendency in agriculture of Manchuria.11. We found the safety region in every crop by the yield and studied for the four phases by the meteorological elements. In the middle region there are many cases of the safety region in “the Second Phase” cold and wet and then in “the Fourth Phase” hot and dry and in “the Third Phase” cold and dry.The writer wishes to express his appreciation for the helpful suggestions of Dr. O. M. Mac Conkey. Senior Agricultural Offlce, United Nations of Relief and Rehabilitation Administration at Mukden Office.