The Effect of Artesunate and Brotowali (Tinospora Crispa) Combination on Histopathological, and Expression of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kβ) in Renal Tubules of Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei

Brotowali (BR) extract (Tinospora crispa) can be used as an antimalarial. Aim: to determine the effect of BR extract in histopathological and expression of NFκB in mice tubules infected by Plasmodium berghei treated by artesunate (AR). Method: we used 42 C57BL / 6J strain mice as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into 7 groups : negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment group consist of AR 32 mg/kb (group 1); BR 70 mg/kg (group 2), combination of AR+BR 50 mg/kg (group 3), AR+BR 60 mg/kg (group 4), and AR+BR 70 mg/kg (group 5).  Histological examination (hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining) and expression of NFKB (immunohistochemical staining) in the kidneys were performed on 7th and 14th. Result: compared to PC group, BR with doses of 70 mg until 14th day, improved the degree of tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration (p