Evaluation of reproductive cycle with cervical and uterine cytology in Iranian dromedary camels

Various uterine disorders in camelids, such as uterine infections, play an important role in reduced fertility in these species. Cytological techniques can be used to identify the presence of uterine infection. In this study 44 reproductive tracts of slaughtered female camels were examined. The reproductive phase of each tract was estimated by ovarian performance. The uterus and ovary dimensions were measured by caliper. Cytological smears were prepared from cervical mucosa and uterine fluid collected by aspiration methods. The smears were stained and examined for differential cellular counts. The results showed no significant difference (P≥0.05) for cellular densities between cervical and uterine smears. There was no significant difference (P≥0.05) for cellular densities between cervix and uterus in different phases of anestrus, estrus cycle (follicular and luteal phases), and pregnancy. Therefore, in dromedary camel, cervical smears may be used for evaluation of uterine condition. However, more work is required on live and synchronized camels before the importance of these findings can be assessed.