Assessment of Cadmium in Maize and Millet of Different District using Canal and Wastewater Irrigation

The article is focused on concentration of cadmium in maize and millet collected in 2018-2019 from different district (Sargodha, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Lahore and Kasur) of Punjab under different irrigation sources Canal and wastewater. The values of Bioconcentration factor, Translocation factor, Pollution load index, Daily intake of metal, Health Risk Index and Enrichment factor were studied to evaluate the effect of heavy metal accumulation on grains quality and human health. Most of the metals observed in wastewater were present in high amount. Cd concentration increased considerably under wastewater irrigation in soil (1.06 mg/kg) and grains (1.05 mg/kg). Cd showed highest bioconcentration (3.82 mg/kg) in canal water. Wastewater irrigated soil exhibited the maximum Pollution Load Index (PLI) values as compared to control treatment. Under the influence of wastewater irrigation, Cd concentration increased considerably in soil and grains. The purpose of study is the labeling of Maize and Millets species of the area according to their toxicity/desirability for use as human food and fodder.