Hallazgos del sistema carotídeo mediante ultrasonografía triplex en pacientes con ictus isquémico. Findings of the carotid system by triplex ultrasound in patients with ischemic stroke

Objetivo: Evaluar los hallazgos por ultrasonido triplex del sistema carotideo en pacientes con ictus isquemico en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario “Ruiz y Paez”, Ciudad Bolivar. Edo. Bolivar. Venezuela. Pacientes y Metodos: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal. Se determinaron datos de identificacion, grosor de intima media de carotidas, grado de estenosis con ultrasonido con un transductor lineal multifrecuencial de 7,5 a 13 HZ. Los datos se procesaron utilizando el paquete estadistico SPSS 19. Resultados: De 62 participantes, 46,8% fueron femenino y 53,2% masculino, la edad promedio fue de 67,9±10,9 anos, el colesterol en promedio de 169,6 ± 42,0 mg/dl, trigliceridos (104± 59,9 mg/dl) y la tasa de filtracion glomerular promedio de 74,6 ± 29,2. Se encontro una asociacion entre el aumento del grosor de intima media con la edad. El mecanismo del ictus mas frecuente fue no cardioembolico (67,7%). El grado de estenosis de la carotida derecha leve fue de 32,3%, seguidamente la moderada con 6,5%, un caso de obstruccion severa y un caso de obstruccion del 100% que representa el 1,6% respectivamente. Similar grado de estenosis se observo en la carotida izquierda. Conclusion: Con el uso del eco-carotideo, se pudo determinar que el grosor de intima media aumentaba con la edad, las placas de ateromas fueron mas frecuentes en carotida comun y se encontro variables morfologica en el sistema carotideo, asociado a ictus isquemicos. Palabras clave: Grosor Intima-Media Carotideo, ictus isquemico , Ultrasonografia. Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the findings by triplex ultrasound of the carotid system in patients with ischemic stroke at the "Ruiz y Paez" University Hospital Complex, Ciudad Bolivar. Edo. Bolivar. Venezuela. Materials and Methods : A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was performed. Identification data, carotid intima media thickness, degree of stenosis were determined with ultrasound with a multifrequency linear transducer from 7.5 to 13 HZ. The data were processed using the SPSS 19 statistical package. Results: Of 62 participants, 46.8% were female and 53.2% male, the average age was 67.9 ± 10.9 years, the average cholesterol was 169, 6 ± 42.0 mg / dl, triglycerides (104 ± 59.9 mg / dl) and the average glomerular filtration rate of 74.6 ± 29.2. An association was found between the increase in intima media thickness with age. The most frequent mechanism of stroke was non-cardioembolic (67.7%). The degree of mild right carotid stenosis was 32.3%, followed by moderate with 6.5%, one case of severe obstruction and one case of obstruction of 100%, representing 1.6% respectively. A similar degree of stenosis was observed in the left carotid. Conclusion : With the use of echo-carotid, it was possible to determine that the thickness of the intima media increased with age, atheroma plaques were more frequent in the common carotid and morphological variables were found in the carotid system, associated with ischemic strokes. Key words : Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, ischemic stroke, ultrasound.