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Resident spawning of Japanese smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis, along gravel shorelines in Lake Nojiri, Central Japan
- Source :
- Landscape and Ecological Engineering. 17:547-554
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- In Lake Nojiri, the Japanese smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963, population has been thought to be maintained by artificial spawning, and stocking efforts as natural spawning in in-flowing streams is unlikely due to the lack of inflowing stream habitat. In this study, novel resident Japanese smelt spawning was observed along the lakeshore in shallow areas with clean gravel and flow. Spawning occurred at night during early March to mid-April and eggs, confirmed on gravel substrate, progressed to the eyed state in 5–6 weeks. Although natural spawning was observed, the ratio of eggs that progressed to the eyed stage was minimal, possibly due to thick algae cover in areas with low flow velocity. Therefore, resident Japanese smelt spawning along the lake shoreline is physically possible and potentially contributes to the overall population in Lake Nojiri, but in-lake spawning alone presumably is not a biologically viable method for population sustainability due to low survival rates and egg density at present. Environmental improvements such as construction of fish ladders to suitable in-flowing spawning habitat, introduction of clean gravel to shorelines, and water level management adjusted to the smelt spawning run would contribute to higher recruitment by natural smelt reproduction, and consequently enhance the smelt production in Lake Nojiri.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
education.field_of_study
Ecology
biology
urogenital system
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
fungi
Population
Hypomesus nipponensis
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
biology.organism_classification
010603 evolutionary biology
01 natural sciences
Substrate (marine biology)
Fish ladder
Water level
Fishery
Stocking
Habitat
Environmental science
Smelt
education
reproductive and urinary physiology
Nature and Landscape Conservation
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1860188X and 18601871
- Volume :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Landscape and Ecological Engineering
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........b869e0ef2b66c876eca86da1e1db4214