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Diabetes and ageing-induced vascular inflammation
- Source :
- The Journal of Physiology. 594:2125-2146
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Diabetes and the ageing process independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since incidence of diabetes increases as people get older, the diabetic older adults represent the largest population of diabetic subjects. This group of patients would potentially be threatened by the development of CVD related to both ageing and diabetes. The relationship between CVD, ageing and diabetes is explained by the negative impact of these conditions on vascular function. Functional and clinical evidence supports the role of vascular inflammation induced by the ageing process and by diabetes in vascular impairment and CVD. Inflammatory mechanisms in both aged and diabetic vasculature include pro-inflammatory cytokines, vascular hyperactivation of nuclear factor-кB, increased expression of cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, imbalanced expression of pro/anti-inflammatory microRNAs, and dysfunctional stress-response systems (sirtuins, Nrf2). In contrast, there are scarce data regarding the interaction of these mechanisms when ageing and diabetes co-exist and its impact on vascular function. Older diabetic animals and humans display higher vascular impairment and CVD risk than those either aged or diabetic, suggesting that chronic low-grade inflammation in ageing creates a vascular environment favouring the mechanisms of vascular damage driven by diabetes. Further research is needed to determine the specific inflammatory mechanisms responsible for exacerbated vascular impairment in older diabetic subjects in order to design effective therapeutic interventions to minimize the impact of vascular inflammation. This would help to prevent or delay CVD and the specific clinical manifestations (cognitive decline, frailty and disability) promoted by diabetes-induced vascular impairment in the elderly.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty
Endothelium
Physiology
Population
Inflammation
Disease
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
Bioinformatics
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Diabetes mellitus
medicine
Cognitive decline
education
education.field_of_study
biology
business.industry
medicine.disease
Nitric oxide synthase
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
Ageing
biology.protein
medicine.symptom
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00223751
- Volume :
- 594
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of Physiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........b80ca5cb60440f8831a972564db52791