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The structure, strength, and ductility of alloys of the Fe – Cr – N system bearing from 15 to 24% chromium and from 0.4 to 1.3% nitrogen are studied after rolling at 20, 450, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200°C. It is shown that the highest hardening due to cold plastic deformation is provided in alloys with metastable γ-solid solution that undergoes transformation into strain martensite ( γ → α′). In hot plastic deformation the alloys are hardened due to the formation of a fragmented structure. The data of electron microscopic studies are used to determine the role of the phase composition in the hardening of the alloys.