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Biocarriers for biofilm immobilization in wastewater treatments: a review
- Source :
- Environmental Chemistry Letters. 18:1925-1945
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Biofilm carriers, named ‘biocarriers’, are solids that allow the good attachment of microbes during wastewater treatment. Biocarriers also act as redox mediators to speed up the biotransformation of contaminants in industrial effluents, yet it is challenging to choose a biocarrier material that achieves strong biofilm adhesion and high degradation rates. Here we review insoluble polymeric biocarriers with focus on selecting a biocarrier, biofilm growth, metabolic pathways, applications, surface modification, and composites. According to the efficiency to decrease the chemical oxygen demand, conventional and modified composite biocarriers are rated as following: polyvinyl alcohol > polyurethane > polyethylene > polypropylene, and polyvinyl alcohol > waste tire > polyurethane > polyethylene, respectively. We also discuss biological and physical fouling.
- Subjects :
- Fouling
Chemistry
Chemical oxygen demand
Biofilm
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Pulp and paper industry
01 natural sciences
Wastewater
Environmental Chemistry
Degradation (geology)
Surface modification
Sewage treatment
0210 nano-technology
Effluent
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16103661 and 16103653
- Volume :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Environmental Chemistry Letters
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........b5f77e59491448d939e9cb1c294cac72